Present Perfect
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Level Intermediate
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Students already know
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The grammar We use the present perfect to talk about events that have happened in the past when we are interested in THE EVENT OR EXPERIENCE, not WHEN it happened. We don’t use present perfect with specific times or time words (last year, yesterday, in 2008).
The form is: + I’ve / She’s been to Spain - I haven’t / He hasn’t eaten snails ? Have you / Has she tried snowboarding?
SUBJECT + AUXILIARY HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
You can work out what the past participle of a word is by putting the verb into a sentence with “I have…”, eg I have eaten, I have written, I have washed, etc.
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Lead-in
Draw a picture on the board that makes sts think of a certain place (eg an Australian flag, the London underground sign, the Eiffel Tower, etc) and ask sts to guess what it is. Once they have successfully guessed ask them to think of things you can see/do/visit/eat/drink/try/buy, etc there and put the ideas on the board in the form of a mind map. Try to elicit some unusual experiences at this stage as well as the more obvious ones.
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REMEMBER: Concept Questions! STT! Classroom Management!
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Presentation
Using the vocab on the board ask sts as a group who has experienced each of these things – eg Who has tried surfing? Has anyone eaten snails? Who ‘s been to the top of the Eiffel Tower? etc. Put some example sentences on the board (all positive at this time) and ask sts if they can explain the form and when they think we use this tense (highlight the fact that there is no time clause in the sentences). You can use a timeline here to show that the event has happened at some time in the past but we don’t know when. Now ask sts to tell you the form and make sure all the sts know what a past participle is.
Now elicit and board a couple of negative sentences and questions and run through the form with sts too.
Controlled Practice
Find someone who. Hand out pre-prepared sheets to the sts where they have to find someone who has done a range of different things, eg a bungee jump, travelled to another continent, etc. Sts should mingle and try to find a different name for each statement, asking full questions and giving full answers. Feedback as a class.
Free practice
Ask sts to think of 3 interesting things they have done and 3 things they would like to try, based on their own ideas or the ideas that came up in the controlled practice. Sts to work in pairs/small groups to find these out from each other.
Production
Think of a suitable production activity or piece of homework for sts to do to finish off this class.